During the years of cinema and non-linear (editing systems) have developed incredibly. An example of this can be television, which has improved with color and audio, and cameras have become smaller, carrying bigger memories. Furthermore, some of the creators that developed these are; George Melies, D.W.Griffiths, Edwin Porter and the Lumiere brothers.
D.W.GRIFFITH
D.W.Griffiths or also known as the ‘Father of film’ was born on January 22, 1875, and was the writer of the American blockbuster, the Birth of a nation. During his much younger years, Griffith pursued many film-related jobs, which ranged from acting and screenwriting before settling down as a film director. In 1903, David worked for the companies, Edison, and Biograph, which give him the chance produce hundreds of short movies. Then, from working there, he would be influenced in directing his own. While there he would also star behind Lionel Barrymore, Mary Pickford, and the Gish sisters. Later on, in his life when David started his career in directing movies, he would invent three filmmaking techniques. These techniques are Utilizing cross-cutting, close-up shots, and fade outs.
The Utilizing cross-cutting effect –The Utilizing cross-cutting is an editing effect used in Film, which two or more scenes are intercut within each other to make a establish continuity effect. Also, with this effect, it makes it possible to Juxtapose scenes.
The Close-up shot – The close-up was the first camera shot created in film history that shows a distinctive look on things, for example, the image below shows a close-up of Void Stiles from Teen Wolf looking very evil, which almost feels like you can relate to him from the emotion in his face.
The Fade out - During editing, the fade out effect is the crossing of one clip to the next, which shows two significant moments in time. By the same token, the fade out effect is used, in Premiere Pro and how to apply the fading tool you would press in between the two clips and click the 'Apply fade default'.
Ending his career with Edison and Biograph, D.W.Griffiths started developing the idea for his future blockbuster Birth of a nation. Furthermore, making the film, Griffiths got to work alongside som profound professionals in the business like; Lilian Gish, Henry.B.Walthall and Mae Marsh. Then, almost a year later it was advertised to the world and influenced as one of the modernist movies in film history.
· Down East (1920)
· Orphans of the storm (1921)
· America (1924)
· Abraham Lincoln (1930)
· The Struggle (1931)
· Orphans of the storm (1921)
· America (1924)
· Abraham Lincoln (1930)
· The Struggle (1931)
After retiring from filmmaking, David spent the majority of his remaining says stuck in a hotel room and then in 1948, he sadly passed away (Hollywood, California, January 22, 1875 - July 23, 1948).
GEORGE MELIES
Marias Georges Jean Melies is a French filmmaker and inventor, born in Paris, 1861. In Georges much earlier days, he traveled to London, England in 1884 where he would learn to speak English and become an employer at his father’s footwear business.
In 1888, George became manager at his father's footwear factory. Becoming manager George then decided to purchase the Richard Houdini theater, where he would become a full-time theatrical showman. The performances were revolved more around magic and illusionist techniques. He also learned these techniques when he lived in London.
In the late 1800 hundreds, George started investigating more into filmmaking and during the process, it would influence him to create his own. When finished his first movie he then aired it at the Richard Houdini theater, which he owned. Also in his career, George wrote many films for directors and were only seen on the Kinetoscope.
The Kinetoscope – Designed mainly for films. The Kinetoscope was a very early motion picture animation device. Also, the Kinetoscope is only a one person view box where they would look through a small whole.
After an accomplished life in filmmaking, Georges Robert Houdin building was demolished and by that innocent all of his life memory disappeared too. Then, a few weeks later, George was declared bankrupt in the year 1923.
Additionally, after suffering through all the things he lost, a young French man recognized George's popularity and gave him a rent-free apartment. In the apartment, George would spend his remaining days there. He then sadly died, in 1938 after creating and directing over five hundred films.
EDWIN PORTER
Edwin S. Porter was born on April 21, 1870. In Connellsville, Pennsylvania. Growing up, he jumped from many job roles like theater cashier, stagehand, and a machinist specialist. At a young age, Edwin was always a fan in technology like; telegraphing and electricity, which would later on in his life help towards making his first film projects and his projector that was called The Beadnell. The Beadnell creates a more vivid and steady image when filming. Furthermore, during his life, he worked for many companies that influenced him to create many things and one of those inventions where the new and developed electric range-finder. When Porter was working in the projection business, he worked for Melies film, which he would take many reels and place them all in a 15-minute programs. In his later life, Edwin retired from Edison but was reinstated a short time later and became a director and then moved up in his career.
When becoming a director, he was a fan of George Melies and many techniques of his when creating movies of his own. Also, he was skillful with his editing techniques to, for example, when he placed his footage with documentaries in 15-minute programs.
The Great train robbery
The Great Train Robbery, was the first western film and known for it's perfect editing skills, storylines, and scripts. Also, from this, it was influenced as the best film of the decade. After he left Edison to work for other small companies, but was reinstated to develop the projector for the rest of his remaining life.
The Great Train Robbery - 1903
Life of an American Fireman - 1903
In his later life, Porter tried tinkering with home-movie cameras, but he never seemed to follow his dream as just a few years later he died on April 3, 1941, from a stroke.
LUMIERE BROTHER’S
The Lumiere brothers Augusta (October 19, 1862) and Louis (October 5. 1864) were French pioneers manufacturers, who created the first moving image. In late 1800 hundred's, Louis improved the Etiquette Bleue and during this he made his father's factory more popular. During their careers, the Lumiere brothers opened their own factory to manufacture the plate.The brothers film - La Sorta des oeuvre de leucine Lumiere was filmed outside the factory that lasted 46 seconds and to films this, they used the Cinematographer camera that only captures movement.
The Cinematographer - The cinematographer was a device combined with printers and projector, and would capture up to 16 frames per second, which was a lot smaller than the Edison camera that captures up to 46 frames per second.
Other movies the Lumiere bother's created
La Sortie de usines Lumière (1894)
La Voltige (1895)
La Peche aux poissons rouges (1895)
La Débarquement du congres de photographie a Lyons (1895)
Les Forgerons (1895)
L’ Arroseur arrose (1895) Repas de bebe (1895)
Place des Cordeliers a Lyon (1895)
La Mer (1895)
What is the purpose of editing and How do we create space and engage the viewer through editing?
There are many purposes for editing, in which can vary in so many results and these can make movies. etc more entertaining and amusing. Furthermore, editing can also be good for a films narrative(story) that helps the audience understand more, for example the camera shots used , which can show emotion. Effects and editing techniques help engage the audicences and also helps movies make money.
There are other purposes involved too, for example -
There are many purposes for editing, in which can vary in so many results and these can make movies. etc more entertaining and amusing. Furthermore, editing can also be good for a films narrative(story) that helps the audience understand more, for example the camera shots used , which can show emotion. Effects and editing techniques help engage the audicences and also helps movies make money.
There are other purposes involved too, for example -
Combing shots into sequences
Creating pace
Storytelling
Relationship to genre
Creating pace
Storytelling
Relationship to genre
What is Continuity editing?
Related back to the 19 hundred's continuity editing is created to show logic between a sequence of shots - mainly to a narrative and to smooth the inherent discontinuity. Traditionally, Montage editing helps the continuity reveal the symbolic association of shots between idea. Also, continuity editing was first used in Edwin Porters movie The Great Train Robbery. However, there are many techniques associated with continuity editing, for example, Diegetic Sound, Match on Action, and Temporal Discontinuity.
What is Diegetic Sound? - In a film, diegetic sound, is the sound that the character(s) can hear. Therefore, an example can be a conversation between two or more.
Non- Diegetic Sound - Opposite to Diegetic sound, Non-Diegetic Sound is a sound that the character(s) can not hear, for example; if they used time-lapsing in a movie - they would put music over to make it more amusing.
What is Match an Action? - Match on Action is used in filmmaking to show reality in between a sequence of continued shots and to make the shots make sense. An example of Match of Action can be the concentration of one person onto the next.
What is Temporal Discontinuity? - Temporal discontinuity is an editing technique, which consists of dissolves and Fading. However, there can also be associated with flashbacks and montaging.
What is Montage Editing? - Montage editing is made up of sequences of images. etc that is composed in a juxtaposing or superimposing. Also, in filmmaking, montage shots are juxtaposed, which compresses time and transfers data in a short period of time. The Ken Burn effect can also be used in montage editing, which zooms in and out of images.
What is the 180-degree rule? - The 180-degrees is shown in Film to show the relationship between two characters or an object. Furthermore, the rule has an imaginary line, which is called the axis. The axis helps show the relation of the two characters, by putting cameras behind them. The camera will be behind both people's shoulders - one on the right shoulder of an actor and the other on the left shoulder of the other. This shown in the images below.
Also, when using the 180-degree rule, you should always make sure you stay in the 180 guidelines or you'll be doing, what they call Jumping the line or crossing the line.
What are Jump-cuts? - Jump cuts are used in editing when two shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions. and can signify the jump into different periods of time. An example of jump cutting could be; Time Lapsing. Like I said previously, continuity editing tries to avoid editing techniques like Jump cuts because of the 30-degree rule.
What is a dissolve? -Dissolving is also an editing technique and can also be called Fading. When films use dissolves, they overlap two videos or images to show the change in time. Ext. This can be used for many movies, to dissolve from one scene to the other. This is shown in the image below.
What is a shot-reverse-shot? - Linking back to Continuity editing, the shot-reverse-shot is typically known for one character looking at another continuously so you are seeing both's faces. Although both character shots are different, it gives the impression that both are looking at each other, which they are. Like shown below.
What is cutting to a soundtrack? - Cutting to a soundtrack is where for example, either videos or image will cut in tune with the music. An example of this would be; if there was a slow video - they will have slow music and if there was a more picked up pace - the would be fast music.
Early cinema. (). Lumiere Brothers. Available: http://www.earlycinema.com/pioneers/lumiere_bio.html.
